Electric cars usually use lithium-ion batteries as power batteries, which flow current from the charging device to the battery through a voltage difference during charging, prompting lithium ions inside the battery to move between positive and negative electrodes and store energy.

Electric vehicle charging revolves around transferring electrical energy from an external power source to the vehicle's battery. Let's dive into the rationale for achieving this goal.

Basic principle:

● Energy transfer: The core idea is to transfer electrical energy from a power source (such as the grid) to the vehicle's battery. This involves converting electrical energy into a form that can be stored in a battery.

● Charging stage: Charging an electric vehicle usually involves multiple stages. For example, in the CC-CV (constant current-constant voltage) method, the charging process starts at the constant current stage and transitions to the constant voltage stage as the battery nears full charge.

● Safety mechanisms: Modern electric vehicle chargers include a variety of safety mechanisms to prevent issues such as overcharging, overheating, and short circuits. These mechanisms ensure that the charging process is safe for both the vehicle and the user.

● Battery Management System (BMS) : The BMS is the "control center" of the battery, responsible for monitoring the status of the battery, including voltage, current, temperature and other parameters, to ensure a safe and efficient charging process, while preventing the battery from overcharging or overdischarging.

● Communication protocols:Electric vehicle chargers and vehicles use communication protocols to exchange information about the state of battery charging, the required voltage and current levels. This ensures that the charging process is optimized and efficient.

● Thermal management during charging: During the charging process, the battery will generate a certain amount of heat, especially when it is fast charging, the heat accumulates more. Therefore, the charging system of electric vehicles is usually equipped with a cooling system to avoid overheating of the battery affecting the charging efficiency and safety.

Conclusion

Electric vehicle charging involves the efficient and safe transfer of electrical energy to the vehicle battery. Understanding these fundamentals can help you better understand the technology behind EV charging and make informed decisions about your charging needs.